Romans Chapter 1
Romans 1:20-23
20For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse:
21Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.
22Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,
23And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things. (KJV)
20For since the creation of the world His invisible qualities have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, both His everlasting power and Mightiness, for them to be without excuse,
21because, although they knew Elohim, they did not esteem Him as Elohim, nor gave thanks, but became vain in their reasonings, and their undiscerning heart was darkened.
22Claiming to be wise, they became fools,
23and changed the esteem of the incorruptible Elohim into the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of birds and of four-footed beasts and of reptiles." (The ISR Scriptures)
Paul is saying that the things of YHWH which may be understood are clearly visible all around us in HIS creations. Therefore, we have no excuse for not understanding.
Romans Chapter 2
Romans 2:6
6Who will render to every man according to his deeds: (KJV)
Works
Romans 2:9
9Tribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that doeth evil, of the Jew first, and also of the Gentile; (KJV)
Jews AND Gentiles.
Romans 2:10
10But glory, honour, and peace, to every man that worketh good, to the Jew first, and also to the Gentile: (KJV)
Jews AND Gentiles.
Romans 2:11
11For there is no respect of persons with God. (KJV)
So much for the master race theory of man.
Romans 2:13
13(For not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified. (KJV)
Since 'hearers' and 'doers' are placed in opposition to each other, they can't both be wrong. Since 'doers' of the law shall be justified, then the law cannot be done away with.
Romans 2:15
15Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another;) (KJV)
The work of the law is righteousness. Our actions are not to be done to achieve righteousness through the law (and before men) but rather done to show faith in the Messiah.
Romans 2:17
17Behold, thou art called a Jew, and restest in the law, and makest thy boast of God, (KJV)
The word translated Jew in this verse is Strong's G2453, which is Judaean. The 'Jewish Religion' did not exist at this time and people were not affiliated with the gods they worshipped but rather the land they came from or the land they lived in.
Romans 2:29
29But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God. (KJV)
It has been this way since the beginning.
Abraham was 99 years old when he was circucised. Ismael was 13 when he was circumcised (Genesis 17:25). Neither were circumcised on the eight day of their life as is written in the Torah. (Genesis 17:12)
Circumcision was not according to the manner of Moses. Circumcision was according to the commandment of YHWH in the days of Abraham. (Genesis 17)
Circumcision is not a salvation issue; it is an token act of obedience.
Abraham was 75 years old when he first followed the command of YHWH to leave his home (Genesis 12:1-4). Abraham was 99 years old when he came into covenant with YHWH (Genesis 17). First you need to obey YHWH, and then you can come into covenant.
Romans Chapter 3
Romans 3:1
1What advantage then hath the Jew? or what profit is there of circumcision? (KJV)
This verse is referring to Judeans or someone from the land of Judea. It is not referring to a race or religious sect.
Jew/Ioudaios (ee-oo-day'-yos) - (G 2453) - from Iouda 2448 (in the sense of Ioudas 2455 as a country); Judaean, i.e. belonging to Jehudah:--Jew(-ess), of Judaea.
Romans 3:2
2Much every way: chiefly, because that unto them were committed the oracles of God. (KJV)
The Hebrews were the first people to be given the instructions of YHWH. They already know about the Torah and so the Messiah's message is simply clarification. The Gentiles knew nothing and had nothing but false dieties.
Romans 3:4
4God forbid: yea, let God be true, but every man a liar; as it is written, That thou mightest be justified in thy sayings, and mightest overcome when thou art judged. (KJV)
'Let it not be! But let Elohim be true, and every man a liar, as it has been written, "That You should be declared right in Your words, and prevail in Your judging."' (The ISR Scriptures)
'By no means: yes, let YHWH be emet, but every man a liar; as it is written, That You might be proven tzadik by Your words, and triumph when You judge.' (The Restoration Scriptures)
Romans 3:29
29Is he the God of the Jews only? is he not also of the Gentiles? Yes, of the Gentiles also: (KJV)
Jew AND Gentile
Romans 3:30
30Seeing it is one God, which shall justify the circumcision by faith, and uncircumcision through faith. (KJV)
Jew AND Gentile
Romans 3:31
31Do we then make void the law through faith? God forbid: yea, we establish the law. (KJV)
"Do we then nullify the Torah through the belief? Let it not be! On the contrary, we establish the Torah. i" (The ISR Scriptures)
i - See 7:12.
"Do we then make void the Torah through personal emunah? By no means: actually we establish the Torah. 5765" (The Restoration Scriptures)
5765 - Will religion ever get this right? Faith in Yahshua brings us back home and establishes Torah.
.Tzadik (H) - A Righteous Man, Woman, Or Person
Romans Chapter 4
Romans 4:2
2For if Abraham were justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not before God. (KJV)
'For if Abraham was declared right by works, he has ground for boasting, but not before Elohim.' (The ISR Scriptures)
'For if Avraham were justified by mitzvoth alone, he has something to boast about; but not before YHWH.' (The Restoration Scriptures)
Romans 4:4
4Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt. (KJV)
'And to him who is working, the reward is not reckoned as a favour but as a debt.' (The ISR Scriptures)
'Now to him that performs mitzvoth alone is the reward not given as unmerited favor, but as a debt.' (The Restoration Scriptures)
Romans Chapter 5
Romans 5:14
14Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come. (KJV)
Romans Chapter 6
Romans 6:16
16Know ye not, that to whom ye yield yourselves servants to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey; whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto righteousness? (KJV)
'Do you not know that to whom you present yourselves servants for obedience, you are servants of the one whom you obey, whether of sin to death, or of obedience to righteousness? m' (The ISR Scriptures)
m Down to v. 23: We were formerly servants of sin, but now we have become servants of righteousness, unto set-apartness.
'Know you not, that to whom you yield yourselves avadim to obey, His avadim you become; whether of sin to death, or of Torah obedience to tzedakah?' (The Restoration Scriptures)
'Do you not know that when you present yourselves servants for obedience, you are servants of the one whom you obey, either of sin resulting in death, or of obedience resulting in righteousness?' (Interlinear Romans)
Romans 6:23
23For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. (KJV)
If the wages of sin is death, then the law has not been abolished.
Romans Chapter 7
The Christian struggle
Romans 7:1
1Know ye not, brethren, (for I speak to them that know the law,) how that the law hath dominion over a man as long as he liveth? (KJV)
Paul/Sha'ul is speaking to people who know the Torah. Paul is talking to Hebrews and probably the Hebraic leadership.
Romans 7:7
7What shall we say then? Is the law sin? God forbid. Nay, I had not known sin, but by the law: for I had not known lust, except the law had said, Thou shalt not covet. (KJV)
'What, then, shall we say? Is the Torah sin? Let it not be! However, I did not know sin except through the Torah. For also the covetousness I knew not if the Torah had not said, “You shall not covet.”' (The ISR Scriptures)
'What shall we say then? Is the Torah a sinful, or sincausing instrument? Let it not be! No, I had not known about sin, except by the Torah: for I had not known lust, except the Torah had said, You shall not covet.' (The Restoration Scriptures)
The Torah defines sin.
Romans 7:12
12Wherefore the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good. (KJV)
'So that the Torah truly is set-apart and the command set-apart and righteous and good.' (The ISR Scriptures)
Romans 7:23
23But I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members. (KJV)
We have the fruit from the tree of good and evil in us.
Romans Chapter 8
Romans 8:1
1There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit. (KJV)
'There is, then, now no condemnation to those who are in Messiah YHWSaY, who do not walk according to the flesh, but according to the Spirit. r' (The ISR Scriptures)
r - This chapter continues from the previous two chapters, and clearly emphasises what takes place at rebirth: Those who have only been born of the flesh are fleshly, while those who have been born of the Spirit are new creatures (2 Cor. 5:17), Messiah now lives in them (Gal. 2:20), they no longer sin, wish to sin (1 Yn. 3:4-10), they delight in the law of Elohim which is Spiritual (Rom. 7:22 & 14).
Romans 8:7
7Because the carnal mind is enmity against God: for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be. (KJV)
This would mean that the spiritual mind IS subject to the Torah of God/Elohim.
Romans 8:19
19For the earnest expectation of the creature waiteth for the manifestation of the sons of God. (KJV)
'For the intense longing u of the creation eagerly waits for the revealing of the sons of Elohim.' (The ISR Scriptures)
u - Lit. anxiously looking with outstretched head.
Romans Chapter 9
Romans 9
In verses 4, 6, 27 & 31 the author refers to Israel. Only in verse 24 does the author refer to Jews. In this chapter, it seems that the word Jew is being used to describe Judeans or people from the land of Judea.
Verse 24 uses the Strong's #2453 Ioudaios or ee-oo-dah'-yos. "from Iouda 2448 (in the sense of Ioudas 2455 as a country); Judaean, i.e. belonging to Jehudah:--Jew(-ess), of Judaea."
Romans 9:6
6Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel: (KJV)
Jacob/Ya'aqob had been renamed Israel/Yisr'ĕl (Genesis 32:24-30 & Genesis 35:10)
Romans 9:7
7Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called. (KJV)
Isaac/Yitshaq had two sons, Jacob/Ya'aqob and Esau/Ĕsaw
Romans 9:8
8That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed. (KJV)
Isaac/Yitshaq was the child of the promise to Abraham and Sarah
Romans 9:25-26
25As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved. (KJV)
26And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God. (KJV)
"... my people ..., ... not my people ..., ... children of the living God."
Romans Chapter 10
Romans 10:1
1Brethren, my heart's desire and prayer to God for Israel is, that they might be saved. (KJV)
If Israel is the church, and the church is the body of saved believers, then this verse is unnecessary.
Romans 10:3-5
3For being ignorant of the righteousness of YAHWEH, and seeking to establish their own righteousness, they did not submit to the righteousness of YAHWEH.
4For Messiah is the goal of the Torah for righteousness to everyone that believes.
5For Moses writes of the righteousness which is of the Torah: "The man doing these things shall live by them." (Lev. 18:5) - (Hebraic Roots Bible)
Romans 10:4
4For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth. - (KJV)
"For Moshiach is the goal of the Torah as a means to being YITZDAK IM HASHEM, for all who have emunah." - (Orthodox Jewish BRIT CHADASHA)
"For the end of the law is Christ, unto justice to every one that believeth." - (Douay-Rheims Bible)
"For Mashiyach is the goal of Torah for righteousness to everyonethat believes in him." - (AENT)
"For Messiah is the aim of the law, for righteousness, unto every one that believeth in him." - (James Murdock's Translation of the Syirac Peshitta)
"For the end of the law is the Meshiha unto righteousness in all who believe in him." - (Khabouris)
"Romans 10:4 For Messiah is the goal of the Torah unto righteousness to everyone who believes." - (The ISR Scriptures)
"Romans 10:4 Christ is the end of the Law so that there may be righteousness for who believes." - (NIV)
end - Strongs Greek #5056 telos tel'-os from a primary tello (to set out for a definite point or goal); properly, the point aimed at as a limit, i.e. (by implication) the conclusion of an act or state (termination (literally, figuratively or indefinitely), result (immediate, ultimate or prophetic), purpose); specially, an impost or levy (as paid):--+ continual, custom, end(-ing), finally, uttermost. Compare phoros 5411.
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Christ the End of the Law
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What Did Paul Mean by 'Christ Is the End of the Law'?
http://www.ucg.org/bible-study-tools/booklets/the-new-covenant-does-it-abolish-gods-law/what-did-paul-mean-by-christ-is
Romans 10:12
12For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek: for the same Lord over all is rich unto all that call upon him. - (KJV)
Romans 10:19
19But I say, Did not Israel know? First Moses saith, I will provoke you to jealousy by them that are no people, and by a foolish nation I will anger you. (KJV)
What is meant by the phrase 'provoke you to jealousy'. Based on other uses of the the phrase in Scriptue, it does not seem to be talking about envy.
Romans Chapter 11
Romans 11:1-27
Paul identifies himself as being a Benjamite and an Israelite but does not say he is a Jew or Jewish.
Paul talks about the branches of the olive tree being grafted into the trunk.
Romans 11:1
1I say then, Hath God cast away his people? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. (KJV)
Paul is identifying himself as an Israelite of the tribe of Benjamin and NOT as a Jew.
Romans 11:7
7What then? Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for; but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded. (KJV)
"What then? Yisraĕl has not obtained what it seeks, but the chosen did obtain it, and the rest were hardened." (The ISR Scriptures)
"What then? Yisrael has not obtained that which they sought for; but the chosen remnant has obtained it, and the rest were blinded. 5827" (The Restoration Scriptures)
5827 - Deals with Jewish-Yisrael, who did not attain right standing, as opposed to Efrayim-Yisrael who did, though not even seeking it at all.
Romans 11:33
33O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out! (KJV)
A verse who people to understand the mind of God Almighty.
Romans 11:34
34For who hath known the mind of the Lord? or who hath been his counsellor? (KJV)
A verse who people to understand the mind of God Almighty.
Romans Chapter 12
Romans 12:1
1I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service. (KJV)
We are to offer ourselves as the morning and evening oblation (a living sacrifice).
'I call upon you, therefore, brothers, through the compassion of Elohim, to present your bodies a living offering - set-apart, well-pleasing to Elohim - your reasonable worship.' (The ISR Scriptures)
'I beg you therefore, Yisraelite brothers, by the rachamim of YHWH, that you present your bodies a living sacrifice, kadosh, acceptable to YHWH, which is your act of reasonable worship.' (The Restoration Scriptures)
'Therefore I urge you, brethren, by the mercies of Elohim, to present your bodies a living and holy sacrifice, acceptable to Elohim, which is your reasonable service.' (Interlinear Romans)
'Therefore, brethren, I call on you through the compassions of Yahweh to present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, pleasing to Yahweh, which is your reasonable service.' (Interlinear Romans)
Romans 12:2
2And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God.(KJV)
The world (or majority) will NOT always want to do what is good, acceptable, and perfect in the eyes of YHWH.
Romans Chapter 13
Romans 13:9
9For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet; and if there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. (KJV)
Commandments 7, 6, 8, 9, 10 of the ten commandments.
Romans Chapter 14
Romans 14:1
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Romans 14 and the 4th Commandment
http://torahresource.com/EnglishArticles/Rm%2014%20&%20Sabbath.pdf
Romans Chapter 15
Romans Chapter 16
Romans 16:24
Why are there two uses of the closing "AMEN" in this chapter? There is one at the end of verse 24 and another at the end of verse 27. Were verses 25-27 added later?
Romans 16:24
24The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen. (KJV)
Copy Romans 16:24 word for word from the NIV.
General Notes On The Book Of Romans:
Paul wrote the book of Romans from Corinth in 56-57 A.D.
Reference Links On The Book Of Romans:
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An Introduction to the Book of RomansAn Introduction to the Book of Romans (WWW.BIBLE.ORG 2010/0215)
An Introduction to the Book of Romans (WWW.BIBLE.ORG 2024/0319)
http://bible.org/article/introduction-book-romans (2010/0215)
https://bible.org/article/introduction-book-romans (2024/0319)